A Conservation group in the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS-Hornbill House) is trying to change the long-standing image of bats as frightening creatures. The group contends that bats are feared and persecuted solely because they are shy animals that are active only in nights.

Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the group’s contention?

(1) There are other animals, for example, racoons and owls, who are shy and active only at night; yet they are not generally feared and persecuted.
(2) Bats are regarded frightening creatures not only in India but also in many other countries such as in the USA, European countries, Africa and South America.
(3) Bats are steadily loosing natural roosting places such as caves and hollow trees and are thus turning to more developed areas for roosting.
(4) People know more about the behaviour of other greatly feared animals like big cats, crocodiles, elephants, than they do about the behaviour of bats.

Opponents of laws that require automobile drivers and passengers to wear seat belts argue that in a free democratic society people have the right to take risks as long as the people do not harm others as a result of taking the risks. As a result, they conclude that it should be each person’s decision whether or not to wear a seat belt.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above?

(1) The rate of automobile fatalities in states that do not have mandatory seat-belts laws is greater than the rate of fatalities in states that do have such laws.
(2) In automobile accidents, a greater number of passengers who do not wear seat-belts are injured than are passengers who do wear seat belts.
(3) Passengers in aeroplanes are required to wear seat-belts during take-offs and landings.
(4) Automobile insurance rates for all automobile owners and drivers are higher because of the need to pay for the increased injuries or death of people not wearing seat-belts.

The cost of producing radios in country M is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in country N. Even after transportation fees and traffic charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from country M to country N than to produce radios in country N.

The statement above, if true, best supports which of the following assertions?

(1) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in country M than it does in country N.
(2) Labour costs in country M are ten percent below those in country N.
(3) The fee for transporting a radio from country M to country N is more then ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in country N.
(4) The tariff on a radio imported from country M to country N is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radios in country N.

Even though most universities retain royalties from faculty members’ inventions, the members retain royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop.

The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?

(1) In the experience of most universities, educational software programmes are more marketable than books and articles.
(2) Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.
(3) In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programmes are more nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions. (4) Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programmes than inventions.

Which of the following best completes the passage below?

People buy prestige when they buy a premium product. They want to be associated with special Mass-Marketing techniques and price-reduction strategies should not be used because…..

(1) expansion of the market niche to include a broader spectrum of consumers will increase profits.
(2) Purchases of premium products are concerned with the Quality as well as with the price of the products.
(3) Continued sales depend directly on the maintenance of an aura of exclusivity.
(4) Manufacturing a premium brand not necessarily not more costly than manufacturing a standard brand of the same product.

57. Which of the following best completes the passage below? Established companies concentrate on defending what they already have. Consequently, they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others. The clearest example of this defensive strategy is the fact that______________________________.

1. ballpoint pens and soft-tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountain pens, clearing the way for marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige items.
2. a once- successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronics calculators by trying to make better slide rules.
3. the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.
4. a highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failure

No one present (P) is out of work. No members (M) are absent. Therefore, all members are employed (E).

Although he complains (C) whenever (T) he is sick (S), his health is excellent, so he won’t complain.

All that glitters (GL) is not gold (G), so gold is not the precious metal, since only precious metals (M) glitter.

Psychiatrist……compared two groups of patients with depression, half of whom swam and snorkelled with dolphins while the other half spent the same time snorkelling with each other …..… in the absence of the dolphins.

Of all the acquatic animals, dolphins are the most intelligent and social, and dolphins also show emotional responses like humans.

……. an hour a day in water with the sociable acquatic creatures is an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression, and better than other humans

After two weeks, results showed the group who had swum with the dolphins had improved significantly more than the control group.

Which of the following, if true, could be the conclusion on basis on the above?

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above?

(1) The dental researchers found that, after six weeks of use, greater length of use of a toothbrush did not correlate with a higher number of bacteria being present.
(2) The dental researchers found that people who rinsed their toothbrushes thoroughly in hot water after each use were as likely to have contaminated toothbrushes as were people who only rinsed their toothbrushes hurriedly in cold water after each use.
(3) The dental researchers failed to investigate contamination of toothbrushes by viruses, yeasts, and other pathogenic micro- organisms.
(4) The dental researchers found that among people who used toothbrushes contaminated with bacteria that cause pneumonia and sore throat, the incidence of these diseases no higher than among people who used uncontaminated toothbrushes.